Online Writing Lab
Chicago Manual of Style
The Chicago style is commonly the preferred method of format
and citation used in humanities classes, most frequently
history. The main difference between the Chicago
style and APA and/or MLA format is the use of endnotes
or footnotes for citation of sources. Reference
numbers for these footnotes or endnotes should appear
within the text, directly after any sentence where a
source is used. A corresponding note will
then appear on the bottom of the page that provides further
information about the source, or within endnotes which
are generally provided at the end of each section or
at the end of the entire document. Your instructor
may specify whether he/she prefers footnotes or endnotes.
Additionally, the Chicago style generally requires a
bibliography page, which is the last page of the paper
and should give the full information for all sources,
with each source listed in alphabetical order.
The first footnote or endnote for each source should include all the needed information for the source. If the same source is cited again, the note only needs to cite the last name of the author, the full title or a shortened form of the title, and page number(s) for where the information appears.
If the same source and page number(s) from a single source is used two or more times consecutively, the corresponding note should use the word “Ibid.,” an abbreviated form of the Latin term “ibidem,” which is translated to ‘in the same place.’ If the same source is used more than once but with a different page number, the corresponding note should use the term ‘Ibid.’ followed by a comma and the new page number(s).
For more information on the Chicago Manual of Style, visit the Aims Learning Commons and speak with a librarian or writing tutor, consult a credible composition manual, or visit the Chicago Style website: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html
